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Althea Rosina Sherman (October 1853 – 1943) was born in Farmersburg Township, Clayton County, Iowa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.althearsherman.org/AltheaRSherman.Palimpsest.html )〕 She was an illustrator, educator, self-taught ornithologist and writer who commissioned the building of the Chimney Swifts' Tower which allowed her to be the first to study and demonstrate the life cycle of chimney swifts. Her career in ornithology also lead to her publishing more than 70 articles in scientific and ornithological journals and lead to her election as a member of the American Ornithologists' Union and inclusion in the ''Who's Who of Women in Science''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.althearsherman.org/ )〕 Additionally, her work as an illustrator, particularly of the American goldfinch, inspired the Iowa Legislature to adopt the American goldfinch as the State bird.〔 ==Early life and education== Sherman's father Mark was a self-taught tanner and shoe maker, but once these techniques were taken up by large factories he turned his attention towards farming, turning their prairie farm into a rich agricultural resource.〔 For this he received considerable personal success as a farmer. However, although his daughter, Althea, later wrote about the animal and plant life that vanished under this agricultural development, the work of her father provided the best education for her and supported her in her later life whilst she carried out research.〔〔 Althea and her two older sisters, Amelia and Ada, often travelled 40 miles to an academy at Upper Iowa University to prepare for college.〔 By the mid-19th century, a number of colleges offered courses to both women and men, but the oldest and best of these was Oberlin College in Ohio, in which all three girls enrolled. Amelia and Ada both started on courses to study medicine, but Althea took a different path and chose to dedicate herself to the study of art.〔 Oberlin College maintained two separate degree routes: a classical and literary course. Althea was one of the highly motivated women who chose to follow the classical course, to which she later on attributed her success in her scientific career following her study of Greek and Latin. Following her graduation from Oberlin College in 1875 with an AB in Art, Althea started teaching before returning to Oberlin College in 1882 to study for a master's degree.〔 Althea then continued her teaching, interspersed with periods of further training as an artist. She then went on to teach at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, leaving in 1885 to study at the Art Students League of New York.〔 In 1887, Althea then moved to Wichita, Kansas to be closer to her older sister Ada. She then worked in Wichita until she returned to her hometown to look after her father who was gravely ill.〔 In 1892, Althea became a supervisor of drawing at Tacoma Public Schools until she returned to Iowa in 1895 to care again for her father.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.althearsherman.org/AltheaRSherman.Palimpsest.html )〕 Her father died in 1896 and Althea remained to care for her mother (Melissa Clark Sherman) until she died in 1902.〔 Althea then remained in Iowa in her family home with her older sister, Dr. Amelia Sherman. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Althea Sherman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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